POPE INVITES MUSLIMS TO DIALOGUE
By Philip Pullella and Madeline Chambers
September 12, 2006
REGENSBURG, Germany (Reuters) - Pope Benedict invited
Muslims on Tuesday to join a dialogue of cultures that agrees the concept of Islamic "holy war" is unreasonable and against
God's nature.
In a major lecture at Regensburg University,
where he taught theology between 1969 to 1977, Benedict said Christianity was tightly linked to reason and contrasted this
view with those who believe in spreading their faith by the sword.
The 79-year-old Pontiff
avoided making a direct criticism of Islam, packaging his comments in a highly complex academic lecture with references ranging
from ancient Jewish and Greek thinking to Protestant theology and modern atheism.
In his lecture, the Pope
quoted a 14th century Byzantine emperor who wrote in a dialogue with a Persian that Mohammad had brought things "only evil
and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he preached."
The Pope, who used the terms
"jihad" and "holy war" in his lecture, added: "Violence is incompatible with the nature of God and the nature of the soul."
Benedict several times quoted
the argument by Emperor Manual II Paleologos that spreading the faith through violence is unreasonable and that acting without
reason -- "logos" in the original Greek -- was against God's nature.
At the end of his lecture,
the Pope again quoted Manuel and said: "It is to this great 'logos', to this breadth of reason, that we invite our partners
in the dialogue of cultures."
"JUST AN EXAMPLE"
Abbot Notker Wolf, head
of the worldwide Benedictine order, said the Pope used Manuel's dialogue with a Persian to make an indirect reference to Iranian
President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.
Wolf, a commentator on Bavarian
television for the Pope's visit, said the reference to a Persian "was a blatant allusion to Ahmadinejad" and said the Iranian
leader had sent "arrogant letters" this year to President Bush and German Chancellor Angela Merkel
urging a dialogue.
"I have heard he plans to
write a letter to the Pope," Wolf added. "I think this would be a good opportunity to take up the gauntlet, so to speak, and
really discuss things."
Papal spokesman Father Federico
Lombardi said Benedict used Emperor Manuel's views on Islam only to help explain the issue and not to condemn all of the Muslim
religion as violent.
"This is just an example.
We know that inside Islam there are many different positions, violent and non-violent," he said. "The Pope does not want to
give an interpretation of Islam that is violent."
Many Islamic leaders have
denounced Muslim radicals for using violence, saying this perverts their faith, but a minority of extremists says the Koran
commands them to use it.
Last week, the Pope said
no one had the right to use religion to justify terrorism and urged greater inter-religious dialogue to stop the cycle of
hate and revenge.
On Monday, he prayed for
the victims of September 11 on the fifth anniversary of the attacks against the United
States.
At an open-air mass earlier
in the day, Benedict told about 260,000 faithful that Christians believed in a loving God whose name could not be used to
justify hatred and fanaticism.
At his university lecture,
Benedict also appeared to criticize Protestant and some Third World theologians for not stressing
the link between faith and reason clearly enough.
Benedict stressed his criticism
of empirical reasoning "has nothing to do with putting the clock back to the time before the Enlightenment and rejecting the
insights of the modern age."
"The intention here is not
one of retrenchment or negative criticism, but of broadening our concept of reason and its application," said Benedict, who
later held an ecumenical service with Protestant and Orthodox clerics.